By Aleena Mangold, LPC, Christian Psychological Associates
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is more than just distressing memories—it physically alters the brain. This condition can develop after experiencing trauma such as combat, assault, accidents, or natural disasters. PTSD is more common than many realize, with an estimated 6% of the U.S. population experiencing it at some point in their lives (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2023). Those with PTSD often feel trapped in a cycle of fear, experiencing flashbacks, nightmares, and heightened alertness (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). But what causes these intense reactions? Brain imaging studies reveal that PTSD affects key regions responsible for memory, emotions, and decision-making (Bremner, 2006).
One of the most affected regions is the hippocampus, which helps distinguish between past and present experiences. Research shows that people with PTSD often have a smaller hippocampus, which may explain why they struggle with intrusive memories and flashbacks (Smith et al., 2005). The amygdala, the brain’s emotional center, also becomes hyperactive, leading to exaggerated fear responses even in safe environments (Rauch et al., 2000). Meanwhile, the prefrontal cortex, which helps regulate emotions and rational thinking, tends to be underactive. This makes it harder for people with PTSD to control fear and anxiety, even when they know they are no longer in danger (Shin et al., 2006).
Brain scans have offered even deeper insights. One study found that PTSD weakens communication between brain regions responsible for processing emotions, leading to heightened anxiety and emotional dysregulation (Koch et al., 2016). Another study revealed that PTSD does not affect everyone the same way—some experience hyper-awareness and panic, while others feel emotionally numb. These different reactions are linked to distinct patterns of brain activity (Lanius et al., 2010).
Understanding how PTSD alters the brain is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment. These insights help develop targeted therapies, predict who is at higher risk, and guide new approaches to healing. Moving forward, researchers should focus on long-term studies, larger sample sizes, and exploring different PTSD subtypes to fully uncover how trauma reshapes the brain (Pitman et al., 2012). The more we learn, the better we can support those living with PTSD and help them reclaim their lives.
If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of PTSD, know that help is available! There are many effective, evidence-based treatments designed to support healing. For example, EMDR, guided by a trained therapist, uses bilateral stimulation to help process traumatic memories. Neurofeedback can also aid in regulating the nervous system, promoting stability and resilience. Trauma-informed talk therapy comes in various forms, all aimed at helping individuals process past experiences, reduce symptoms, and improve overall well-being. Finding a therapist who specializes in trauma-informed care is a crucial step toward healing and reclaiming your life.
For more information or to book an appointment, contact John R. Day & Associates, Christian Psychological Associates at 309-692-7755 or visit www.christianpsychological.org. Offices are located in Peoria, Bloomington, Canton, Pekin, Eureka, and Palatine.
References available upon request