By Rhonda Mock, Licensed Esthetician, Infuse Skin and Body
Hyperpigmentation, also known as pigmentation, is a common skin condition that causes the skin to darken in some areas. There are many causes for uneven skin tones/hyperpigmentation. The most common is the overproduction of melanin, the pigment that gives our skin color. It is produced by skin cells called melanocytes. When these cells become aggravated, they produce more melanin, causing the skin to become tan or brown spots to develop. Sun exposure usually increases melanin production and there are different depths of damage in the skin
There are many treatments that can brighten and lighten skin and protect it from further damage. Sunscreens or SPFs of 40 or higher are suggested.
Main Causes of Hyperpigmentation
Sun and heat are two main factors that affect hyperpigmentation. Staying cool and always having proper sun protection are vital. Other causes include: pregnancy, birth control, HRT (hormone replacement therapy), estrogen, acne, electrolysis, chemical peels, trauma to the skin, surgical procedures, rashes, chicken pox, certain medications, perfumes sprayed on sun exposed skin, and bug bites.
Types of Pigmentation
- Melasma is a very common skin condition that presents as brown patches on the face of adults, usually women. The most common sites are the cheeks, bridge of the nose, forehead, and upper lip. Women who take birth control pills often develop this type of pigmentation. Sun exposure is another major cause. The symptoms of melasma are dark, irregular patches that often develop gradually over time. Melasma does not cause any other symptoms beyond cosmetic discoloration.
- Chloasma, or the “mask of pregnancy,” is a condition pregnant women develop. Caused by the overproduction of melanin, it occurs on their faces or abdomens and can cover large areas. It may worsen after sun exposure.
- Age Spots, sometimes called liver spots, are a form of pigmentation. These spots usually occur as a result of sun rays. The small, dark spots are generally found on the hands and face, but any area exposed to the sun can be affected. Exposure to the sun’s rays and a daily onslaught of environmental elements such as air pollution and the toxins in our food all wreak havoc on our skin, damaging cell walls and connective tissue. This results in the visible signs of aging we see in our skin. Sun-damaged skin looks dull and lacks luster. Wrinkles become more prevalent and pigmentation/age spots start to appear. Excessive sunbathing or sunbed use can have a dramatic effect on the way we age.
- Freckles are small, discolored patches of skin, but can be classified as a form of hyperpigmentation. They are usually multiple in numbers. With sun exposure, they become more apparent; therefore, in the winter months, they are not as noticeable. Freckles are more commonly found in fair-skinned races with red or blonde hair, and less commonly in individuals
of other races. - PIH or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is pigment that occurs as a result of surface irritation, abrasion, or inflammation of the epidermis. Acne, bug bites, post-deep chemical peels, or major trauma to the skin are just a few causes.
Types of Pigment Changes
- Hyperpigmentation: Darkened pigment
- Hypopigmentation: No melanin, or loss of color
- Demarcation: Uneven pigmentation from picking, procedures, scratching
Treatment of Hyperpigmention
Hyperpigmentation and discoloration of the skin can be treated and improved. It is not always an overnight experience. This disease of the skin did not happen quickly. Research shows that most sun damage occurs before the age of 10 and shows up later in life.
Microdermabrasion, chemical exfoliations, hydrafacials and jet peels done professionally by your esthetician can help even out pigmentation. Home care products using lightening agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, azelaic acid, mandelic acid (from almonds) along with many natural plant extracts enhance the acceleration of the treatments. IPL laser treatments can also be administered under a doctor’s care for deeper, systemic cases of pigmentation. In treating hyperpigmentation/pigmentation of the skin, clients must use SPF on a daily basis 365 days a year. Once lightening of the skin has taken place, it requires continual care to prevent future discoloration of the skin.
Are you or is someone you know suffering from hyperpigmentation? At Infuse Skin and Body, our experienced and licensed professionals can guide you in the right products and treatments for your unique skin care needs. For more information or to set up an appointment, call 309-691-5901 or visit www.infuseskinandbody.com.
Photo credit: Nic54/iStock